Carum Carvi

Known as : Caraway/Jeera

Seeds

1. Essential Oils: The seeds are particularly rich in essential oils, including:
• Carvone: The major component, responsible for the characteristic aroma and flavor of caraway seeds. It has digestive, carminative, and antispasmodic properties.
• Limonene: A monoterpene with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anticancer properties.
• Carveol: Exhibits antifungal and antibacterial activities.
• Dihydrocarvone: Contributes to the flavor and has antimicrobial properties.
2. Flavonoids:
• Quercetin: Known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
• Kaempferol: Another antioxidant that helps in reducing oxidative stress.
3. Phenolic Acids:
• Caffeic Acid: Has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties.
• Chlorogenic Acid: Known for its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
4. Fatty Acids:
• Oleic Acid: A monounsaturated fat with anti-inflammatory benefits.
• Linoleic Acid: An essential fatty acid with anti-inflammatory and skin health benefits.

Leaves and Stems

1. Polyacetylenes: Compounds with antifungal and antibacterial properties.
2. Coumarins: Have anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.

Roots

1. Starch: Used for its nutritional value.
2. Volatile Oils: Similar to those found in seeds but in lower concentrations.

General Bioactive Compounds

• Tannins: Present in various parts of the plant, providing astringent and antimicrobial properties.
• Sterols: Such as beta-sitosterol, which has anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering effects.

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